Everything about High Prince Lmos totally explained
Álmos (c.
820 – c.
895), the first
Grand Prince of the Magyars (c. 855 – c. 895).
According to the
mediaeval chronicles his father was
Ügyek or
Előd and his mother was
Emese. The legends say that
"his mother Emese had seen a divine dream of a Turul bird that flew over her and got her with child; she saw her womb as the source of many great kings, but they'd multiply in foreign lands". This is given as the explanation for the name
Álmos (
ie,
"The Dreamt One").
He either was proclaimed first
Grand Prince of the Magyars by the leaders of the
Magyar tribes or was appointed to the office by the
Khagan of the
Khazars around 855. At that time the seven
Magyar tribes (
"Hétmagyar") were living under
Khazar supremacy. Álmos probably became the
spiritual ruler (kende) of the confederation
Hétmagyar, but other authors claim that his was the
military leader (gyula) of the
Magyar tribes.
Before 862 the seven
Magyar tribes, living in the area they called
Etelköz, separated from the
Khazars, and they were exacting tribute from the neighbouring
Slavic tribes and they fought occasionally as
mercenaries on behalf of King
Carloman of Bavaria, King
Arnulf I. of Germany and
Svatopluk I, King of
Great Moravia. The confederation
Hétmagyar was strengthened when three tribes of the
Kabars, who had rebelled against the
Khazar, joined them before 881.
In the spring of 895, the
Magyar tribes attacked the
Bulgarian Empire allied with the
Byzantine emperor,
Leo VI the Wise and defeated Emperor
Simeon I of Bulgaria obliging him to conclude peace with the
Byzantine Empire. Emperor
Simeon, however, entered into an alliance with the
Pechenegs, who were the eastern neighbours of the
Hétmagyar, and he made an attack against the
Magyar troops. In the
Battle of Southern Buh the
Simeon I defeated their army; shortly afterwards, the
Pechenegs attacked and pillaged their territories. The
Magyar tribes were obliged to leave
Etelköz and move to the
Carpathian Basin where they settled down (
Honfoglalás).
Álmos' death, having prophesied, according to legends, by a warning that
"he is going to found a great line of emperors, but he must not enter the land of Pannonia," was probably caused by either assassination or human sacrifice because of the catastrophic defeats during the wars with the
Bulgarian Empire and the
Pechenegs.
Child
Sources
Kristó, Gyula - Makk, Ferenc: Az Árpád-ház uralkodói (IPC Könyvek, 1996)
Korai Magyar Történeti Lexikon (9-14. század), főszerkesztő: Kristó, Gyula, szerkesztők: Engel, Pál és Makk, Ferenc (Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1994)
Kristó, Gyula: A Kárpát-medence és a magyarság régmúltja (1301-ig) (Szegedi Középkortörténeti Könyvtár, Szeged, 1993)
Magyarország Történeti Kronológiája I. – A kezdetektől 1526-ig, főszerkesztő: Benda Kálmán (Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1981)Further Information
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